Posts Tagged ‘T-bill Rates’
December’s Livingston Survey
The late columnist Joseph A Livingston started surveying economists about their forecasts back in 1946. It’s the oldest continuing survey of its kind, and is continued twice a year under the auspices of the Philadelphia Federal Reserve Bank. One of the neat things about this semi-annual report is that it compares the current central tendency of projections to the projections which were being made six months ago. In short, we can directly compare how economic forecasts are changing over time.
One of the biggest shifts is in the GDP growth rate for the 2nd half of 2015. Six months ago, economists were projecting that we’d end the year with a modestly healthy 3.1% annual rate of growth. Now, economists are forecasting we’ll end the year at about 2.1% — a fairly significant shift in sentiment. Similar declines in GDP growth are projected for 2016. Check my prior blog post about the 12th District report on the western economy, and particularly the impact a stronger dollar is having on the export market.
The good news — and it’s slight — is an improvement in the projections about unemployment. Six months ago, economists were forecasting we’d end the year with an unemployment rate of 5.1%. This has now been revised downward, ever so slightly, to 4.9%. Also, inflation continues to be dead-on-arrival. From the end of 2014 to the end of 2015, the consumer price index is projected to rise only 0.1%, in line with prior forecasts, and the producer price index is actually projected to fall by 3.2%. Both indices are expected to swell in the coming year, but only slightly. The current CPI forecast for the coming year is 1.8%, and PPI is 0.7%. I’ll leave it up to the reader to pick a reason for this, but can you say “energy costs”?
Six months ago, interest rates were forecasted to rise. Actual increases are somewhat lower than previously forecasted. Six months ago, forecasters predicted we’d end the year with 3-month T-bill rates at 0.59%. In reality, the November 23 auction was at 0.14%, although rates are trending up in December (0.28% as of Monday) in anticipation of Fed rate increases. The current forecast is for 3-month rates to end the year around 0.23%, and for 1-year rates to end around 2.3% (down from the previously forecasted 2.5%). Forecasters currently predict 3-month T-bills will hit 1.12% by the end of 2016, and 10-year notes will end next year around 2.75%.
Finally, forecasters are asked to predict the S&P 500 index for the end of the year as well as the end of next year. Six months ago, the consensus forecast was an S&P level of 2158 for the end of the year, and this has now softened to 2090. (It’s helpful to note that the S&P opened just under 2048 this morning.) Forecasters currently project the S&P will hit about 2185 by the end of next year, which is an anemic growth of 4.5% over the coming 12 months.
If you’d like your own copy, which includes much more detail on these forecasts, you can download it for free here.
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whew…..
The gap in postings is a good indication of just how busy I’ve been the past several months. Whew….
Anyway, the latest semi-annual Livingston Survey just hit my desk from the Phily FED. Just to remind you, the Phily FED surveys a cross-section of top economic forecasters on four key issues — GDP growth, interest rates, unemployment, and inflation. Ironically, the survey came out before this week’s BEA announcement that GDP grew at an annual rate of 4.1% in the 3rd quarter (following a 2.5% growth in the 2nd quarter).
Nonetheless, the Livingston Survey gives a good snapshot of where professional forecasters think the economy will be over the next couple of years. Forecasters generally see GDP growth ending this year around 2.4%, increasing to an annualized rate of 2.5% early next year, and 2.8% in late 2014.
Interest rate forecasts were also surveyed before the recent FED pronouncements about tapering, although the general sense is that markets have been capturing the “taper” news for a while. Forecasters project t-bill rates to continue below 0.1% into 2014, rising to 0.15% by the end of next year, and 0.75% by the end of 2015. Ten-year bond yields should follow suit, with rates rising above 3% in mid-2014, up to 3.25% by the end of next year. Of course, time will tell on these projections.
Finally, unemployment is projected to dip below 7% after mid-2014, and finish the year around 6.7%. Inflation should hold below 2%, although it is projected to creep up somewhat from the current rates.
The Phily FED produces a series of economic surveys throughout the year. For more information, visit their research department.
From a small northwestern observatory... 